Small class - t-test in practice
Description:
In a first semester introductory course for the bachelor of chemical engineering program we notice that students have a hard time grasping the concept of statistical tests for deciding if data are in agreement with a known, true mean, or if two sample means are significantly different. To us teachers it seems like problem sessions with teacher guidance (TØ) are great, but that teacher resources are easily consumed by the tedious task of showing students which buttons to press in Excel.
To free up teacher time in class deeper interaction with the students about statistics and and how mean and standard deviation relate to terms like accuracy and precision, I have created a learning design based on the STREAM model using screencast resources and an online quiz to construct an out of class loop and make sure that students know the basics when they arrive for the in class teaching. The screencast resources should also be useful for the students in connection with later laboratory exercises and lab report hand-ins, contributing to alignment on the course.
The e-tivity included in the first out of class phase is a quiz which serves a dual purpose. 1) The quiz has a deadline before the in class teaching date, assuring student participation in the out of class activities. 2) The quiz serves an assessment purpose to evaluate the effectiveness of the out of class activities. This e-tivity reaches stage 4 in the 5-stage model, as it is intended to help students construct knowledge from hands on experience.
Intended Learning Outcomes:
- Carry out a t-test in Excel
- Evaluate hypotheses based on data similarity to known mean or other data sample assessed by a t-test
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Out of class: Theoretical excercises |
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Course text |
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Read about basic statistics ↓ |
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Teacher uploads text |
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Screencast 1 (Introduction to t-test; How to choose the right test) |
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Watch screencast 1 ↓ |
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Teacher uploads screencast to Brightspace course |
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Screencast 2 (How to do a t-test in Excel) |
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Watch screencast 2 ↓ |
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Teacher uploads screencast to Brightspace course |
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Mentimeter quiz assignment - Are two data sets statistically different? |
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Perform a t-test in Excel and answer quiz ↓ |
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Teacher provides link to Mentimeter quiz on Brightspace with fill out deadline before in class activities |
Out of class loop according to the STREAM model in which students read text material, watch an explanatory video on the key issue of choosing the right t-test for a given purpose, and then solve a problem with the aid of a screencast Excel tutorial (Low taxonomic level verbs: Remember, Apply). This should ensure that students have an idea of basic concepts before entering class. use a screencast |
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In class: Theoretical excercises |
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Short lecture - Statistics: How to compare data (20 min) |
Listen to lecture ↓ |
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Teacher lectures. Makes use of result of Mentimeter quiz Row 4 results and explains the quiz |
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Problem set |
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Work in groups on problems in statistics (3 hours) ↓ |
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Teacher is available for guidance on how to solve problems |
Students work on problem sets focusing on higher taxonomic level verbs: Analyze, Evaluate. Students can refer back to the short screencast tutorial for recollection of the basics of t-testing in Excel. |
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Out of class: Laboratory excercises |
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Laboratory protocol |
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Read protocol ↓ |
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Teacher uploads protocol to Brightspace course |
Students read laboratory protocols. |
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In class: Laboratory excercises |
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Laboratory excercise - Precision and Accuracy in Laboratory Measurements |
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Follow laboratory protocol. Measure volumes using variety of equipment (Pipette, Measuring flask, Beaker) and record mass on scale ↓ |
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Student assistants guide lab work |
Students carry out a set of laboratory exercises illustrating uncertainty in measurements, precision and accuracy. Data for reports are recorded in class. |
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Out of class: Laboratory report assignment |
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Laboratory report template |
Fill in data on template and hand in on Brightspace. Perform t-test to decide if peers measure the same mean. Conclude on equipment precision and accuracy and plausible sources of systematic errors (if any) |
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Teacher uploads lab report template to Brightspace course; Creates Brightspace assignment for handing in reports; Corrects reports and asks students for re-submission if needed |
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Students evaluate their results from the laboratory by choosing the right t-tests and performing them in Excel. Students can refer back to the screencast tutorial if needed. Conclusions about precision and accuracy of equipment and individual students are made. Reports are handed in, corrected by the teacher and given back to the students to hand in again if necessary. |